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An eugeneodontid elasmobranch from the Late Paleozoic of Kansas
- Hans-Peter Schultze, Ronald R. West
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 70 / Issue 1 / January 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 162-165
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A tooth battery, palatoquadrate, and a gill-arch element of Bobbodus schaefferi were collected from Late Pennsylvanian/Early Permian (Asselian) rocks near Manhattan, Kansas. Depending on the placement of the Pennsylvanian–Permian boundary, this specimen extends the upper limit of the species from the Virgilian (Gzelian) into the Gearyan (Asselian). The new range thus is Kasimovian to Asselian, a 15 my interval. Based on features of the palatoquadrate, the diagnoses of the order Eugeneodontida and the superfamily Caseodontoidea are revised. Bobbodus is the most primitive genus of the order Eugeneodontida.
Lockeia, not Pelecypodichnus
- Christopher G. Maples, Ronald R. West
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- Journal:
- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 63 / Issue 5 / September 1989
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- 19 May 2016, pp. 694-696
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The nomenclatorial history of the ichnogenera Lockeia and Pelecypodichnus has been confused by duality during the past 20 years. Many authors presume Pelecypodichnus is correct because Lockeia is a nomen oblitum. This presumption is rejected on both objective and subjective grounds. First, Lockeia is not a nomen oblitum. Two major gaps in the citational history of Lockeia exist, the first one of 35 years duration and the second of 43 years duration. Thus, no 50-year gap exists in the valid use of the name Lockeia. Second, the Committee on Zoological Nomenclature was not petitioned to declare Lockeia a nomen oblitum during the period of time that the nomen oblitum concept was in effect. Third, the name Pelecypodichnus implies a specific trace-maker for the trace—a practice we, and others, judge should be avoided. Fourth, topotype specimens and the lectotype of Lockeia are available for study. Fifth, even many of those authors who use Pelecypodichnus instead of Lockeia commonly note the existence of Lockeia as a synonymous generic name. Thus, use of Lockeia by numerous authors in the past 20 years results in no confusion or destabilization of the generic-level taxonomy. Lockeia, the senior synonym of Pelecypodichnus, has been used by numerous authors, is well understood, and therefore should be used instead of Pelecypodichnus.
A new ichnospecies of Nereites from Carboniferous tidal-flat facies of eastern Kansas, USA: Implications for the Nereites-Neonereites debate
- M. Gabriela Mangano, Luis A. Buatois, Christopher G. Maples, Ronald R. West
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- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 74 / Issue 1 / January 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 July 2015, pp. 149-157
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Predominantly horizontal, gently curved to slightly sinuous traces constituting uniserial rows of imbricated, subspherical sediment pads occur in Pennsylvanian tidal-flat facies of eastern Kansas. These traces exhibit a complex, actively filled internal structure. The presence of a median tunnel enveloped by overlapping pads of reworked sediment indicates that these biogenic structures should be included in the ichnogenus Nereites MacLeay in Murchison, 1839. A new ichnospecies, N. imbricata, is erected. Externally, Nereites imbricata differs from the other Nereites ichnospecies by the large, tightly packed, imbricated pads that commonly result in an annulated appearance on bedding-planes. Internally, obliquely arranged, arcuate laminae envelope the median tunnel and tend to follow the outline of the external semispherical pads. Additionally, the behavioral pattern reflected by N. imbricata is less specialized than that of the other Nereites ichnospecies. Eione monoliformis Tate, 1859 resembles N. imbricata in general appearence, but lack the diagnostic Nereites internal structure, and is invariably preserved as positive epireliefs. Occurrence of Nereites imbricata as both median tunnels surrounded by reworked sediment (Nereites preservation) and uniserial rows of imbricated sediment pads (Neonereites preservation) supports the notion that Neonereites Seilacher, 1960 is a preservational variant of Nereites. The ichnogenus Nereites is an eurybathic form and is a common component of Paleozoic shallow-marine facies.
Presentation of the Charles Schuchert Award of The Paleontological Society to Christopher G. Maples
- Ronald R. West
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- Journal of Paleontology / Volume 69 / Issue 4 / July 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 July 2015, p. 799
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- By John A. Bargh, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Veronica Benet-Martínez, Elliot T. Berkman, Jim Blascovich, Marilynn B. Brewer, Heining Cham, Tanya L. Chartrand, Robert B. Cialdini, William D. Crano, William A. Cunningham, Rick Dale, Jan De Houwer, Alice H. Eagly, J. Mark Eddy, Craig K. Enders, Leandre R. Fabrigar, Susan T. Fiske, Shelly L. Gable, Bertram Gawronski, Kevin J. Grimm, K. Paige Harden, Richard E. Heyman, Oliver P. John, Blair T. Johnson, Charles M. Judd, Deborah A. Kashy, David A. Kenny, Norbert L. Kerr, Nuri Kim, Jon A. Krosnick, Paul J. Lavrakas, Matthew D. Lieberman, Kristen A. Lindquist, Todd D. Little, Yu Liu, Michael F. Lorber, Michael R. Maniaci, Kerry L. Marsh, Gina L. Mazza, Gary H. McClelland, Dominique Muller, Elizabeth Levy Paluck, Karen S. Quigley, Harry T. Reis, Mijke Rhemtulla, Michael J. Richardson, Ronald D. Rogge, Alexander M. Schoemann, Eliot R. Smith, R. Scott Tindale, Eric Turkheimer, Penny S. Visser, Duane T. Wegener, Stephen G. West, Tessa V. West, Keith F. Widaman, Vincent Y. Yzerbyt
- Edited by Harry T. Reis, University of Rochester, New York, Charles M. Judd, University of Colorado Boulder
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- Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology
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- 05 June 2014
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- 24 February 2014, pp vii-viii
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- By Christopher Ames, Cathy W. Barks, Ronald Berman, Anthony J. Berret, Robert Beuka, William Blazek, Elisabeth Bouzonviller, Jackson R. Bryer, Deborah Clarke, Gretchen Comba, Kirk Curnutt, Linda De Roche, Suzanne Del Gizzo, Kathleen Drowne, Richard Fine, Edward Gillin, Michael K. Glenday, Richard Godden, Steven Goldleaf, Peter L. Hays, Pearl James, Joel Kabot, Heidi M. Kunz, Jarom Lyle McDonald, Philip McGowan, Bonnie Shannon McMullen, Bryant Mangum, Lauren Rule Maxwell, James H. Meredith, Linda Patterson Miller, James Nagel, Michael Nowlin, Ruth Prigozy, Laura Rattray, Walter Raubicheck, Deborah Davis Schlacks, Gail D. Sinclair, Robert Sklar, Linda Wagner-Martin, James L. W. West, Doni M. Wilson
- Edited by Bryant Mangum, Virginia Commonwealth University
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- F. Scott Fitzgerald in Context
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- 05 February 2013
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- 18 March 2013, pp xi-xx
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Intergalactic Globular Clusters
- Michael J. West, Patrick Côté, Henry C. Ferguson, Michael D. Gregg, Andrés Jordán, Ronald O. Marzke, Nial R. Tanvir, Ted von Hippel
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- Highlights of Astronomy / Volume 13 / 2005
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- 30 March 2016, pp. 175-176
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- 2005
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We confirm and extend our previous detection of a population of intergalactic globular clusters in Abell 1185, and report the first discovery of an intergalactic globular cluster in the nearby Virgo cluster of galaxies. The numbers, colors and luminosities of these objects can place constraints on their origin, which in turn may yield new insights to the evolution of galaxies in dense environments.
Contrasting Feeding Strategies Recorded by Bivalve Trace Fossils from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of Eastern Kansas
- M. Gabriela Mangano, Luis A. Buatois, Christopher G. Maples, Ronald R. West
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- Journal:
- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 8 / 1996
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- 26 July 2017, p. 259
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- 1996
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An estuarine model for Pennsylvanian Lagerstätten
- Howard R. Feldman, Christopher G. Maples, Allen W. Archer, Ronald R. West, Erik P. Kvale
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- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 6 / 1992
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- 26 July 2017, p. 95
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- 1992
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Estuaries were important sites of deposition throughout most of the Pennsylvanian in the Midcontinent. Modern estuaries typically occur within flooded river valleys where marine and fresh waters mix. Characteristic estuarine circulation results in locally high rates of deposition of muddy sediment that can lead to good preservation of fossils. Several Pennsylvanian conservat-Lagerstätten are best interpreted as having formed within ancient estuaries. Three types of estuarine deposits have been identified. Type 1 estuarine systems are large-scale transgressive systems that start with fluvial sands overlying an erosional surface. This is overlain successively by middle-estuarine laminated mudstone, and finally marine mudstone and shale. Well-preserved fossils occur in laminated mudstones and siltstones. This sequence may include within in it type 3 estuarine Lagerstätten. An example is the Douglas Group (Missourian, Kansas).
Type 2 estuarine Lagerstätten consist of thin estuarine deposits confined to narrow paleochannels. This includes the Garnett (Missourian, Kansas) and Hamilton (Virgilian, Kansas) deposits, both of which contain articulated vertebrates and well-preserved plants. Both channels are filled with mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. Fine grained facies from which the best fossils are recovered in both contain evidence of tidal deposition, although tidal rhythmicity is best developed in the Hamilton channel. Plant assemblages in both are dominated by the conifer Walchia, probably indicating a relatively dry climate.
Type 3 estuarine Lagerstätten consist of thick gray-shale wedges that overlie coals. The best-known example is the Francis Creek Shale (Desmoinesian, Illinois). A relatively wet climate is indicated by abundant fern and seed-fern foliage. Laminations in shale facies commonly show well-developed tidal rhythmicity. A typical stratigraphic succession starts with laminated shale overlying coal. This grades upwards into flaser and lenticular bedding to ripple and then large-scale cross-bedded sandstone. Upright trees rooted in the coal indicate rapid burial. Well-preserved fossils are recovered from early-diagenetic siderite concretions from the laminated shale.
Preservation of fossils is best in laminated mudstones deposited in middle-estuarine environments where conditions are ideal for good preservation. In all cases so far studied the zones of best preservation are well laminated and have sparse (if any) burrows and sessile benthic fossils. Most of the well-preserved organisms are terrestrial, nektonic, or at least mobile. Brackish and fluctuating salinities restricted scavenging and burrowing organisms that may scatter skeletons. High turbidity and deposition rate may have further discouraged many organisms. Matching bedding rhythmicity with tidal cycles allows calculation of depositional rates of 1 cm or more of compacted sediment per 2-week neap-spring tidal cycle. This is consistent with the high rates of deposition known from modern tidal environments. High depositional rates assured that any organism that fell to the sea floor was buried in a few hours to a few days. Once buried anoxic conditions established around decaying carcasses may have led to early mineralization.
Chaetetid skeletons as short-term records of physical disturbance events
- Keith B. Miller, Ronald R. West
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- Journal:
- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 6 / 1992
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- 26 July 2017, p. 212
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- 1992
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The growth records of spongiomorph and colonial skeletons have great potential for revealing the short-term depositional dynamics of ancient shallow marine environments. The utility of such skeletons for understanding the type and frequency of physical disturbance is illustrated by chaetetid-bearing limestones from Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) cyclothems of southeastern Kansas. Individual chaetetids frequently contain growth-interruption surfaces that are marked by clay partings or encrusting overgrowths of epibionts. Such interruptions occur irrespective of the growth form of the chaetetids, although they are more conspicuous in laminar and domical growth forms with ragged margins. Growth forms with smooth margins and fewer interruptions are more commonly high domical to columnar. The latter occur in cleaner carbonates with higher rates of carbonate accumulation and little siliciclastic influx.
Interruption surfaces, which may be accompanied by reorientation of skeletal growth, record significant depositional and erosive events during the life history of the chaetetids. Similar surfaces have been described from a variety of other organisms including stromotoporoids, fistuliporoid and trepostome bryozoans, and favositid corals. In most environments, physical disturbance events of this time scale are invariably destroyed by subsequent bioturbation or current reworking. For this reason, chaetetid skeletons provide a valuable means of inferring the frequency and intensity of physical distubance and the rate of sediment accumulation.
The temporal significance of growth interruptions must be determined before their environmental significance can be assessed. Geometry of calicle growth at these surfaces is critical for recognizing the manner in which growth was reestablished. Colonization by the settling of larvae on a dead surface has a much different implication than rejuvenation from surviving calicles. The former could occur on long dead skeletal hardgrounds, and the latter indicates physical disruptions during the life of a single chaetetid. Clay partings and clay-filled calicles record mud burial events resulting in partial mortality, followed by rapid rejuvenation and overgrowth of the sediment. Encrustation of growth-interruption surfaces by auloporid corals, and more rarely bryozoans and stromatolitic algae, indicate prolonged exposure of the skeletal surface and subsequent recolonization. Interestingly, auloporid encrustation appears to be more common in clay-rich carbonates having evidence of more frequent and higher-energy disturbance events. Evidence of dissolution or biocorrosion of the skeletal surface may imply an even longer period of exposure between disturbance and recolonization.
Local development of chaetetid mounds and biostromes also permits larger-scale environmental fluctuations to be recognized. Changes in growth form, typically associated with changes in clay content of the enclosing carbonates, appear to reflect fluctuations in clastic sediment influx and water turbidity. Subtle clay-rich intervals and unconformity surfaces are recognized within chaetetid-bearing units only a few meters thick. The thin sedimentation units thus defined appear to be correlative between outcrops separated by tens of kilometers.
Close examination of spongiomorph and colonial skeletons therefore has the potential to shed light on depositional processes and environmental changes at time scales of tens to thousands of years normally inaccessible to paleoecologists.
Introduction to Trace Fossils and Dedication to Robert W. Frey
- Christopher G. Maples, Ronald R. West
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- Short Courses in Paleontology / Volume 5 / 1992
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- 17 July 2017, pp. 1-14
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- 1992
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Over the years, we've participated in several different workshops and short courses on trace fossils. So why this one? Our intention in bringing together these papers for the Trace Fossil Short Course is to give an overview of how trace fossils can be used in paleontology. Historically, trace fossil research has centered on paleoenvironmental and depositional reconstructions—areas where trace fossils have much to tell. Indeed, the use of trace fossils by sedimentologists has flourished and is experiencing another burst of activity through the use of ichnofabrics in sequence stratigraphic studies. But trace fossils have paleontological stories to tell as well. Their use in uncovering the first occurrences of life in different parts of the stratigraphic column is well documented (e.g., the classic example of trace fossils occurring before body fossils in Precambrian/Cambrian transitional strata) as is their use in detailing different morphological details of unpreserved taxa or body parts.
Preface
- Christopher G. Maples, Ronald R. West
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- Short Courses in Paleontology / Volume 5 / 1992
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- 17 July 2017, p. iii
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- 1992
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Hierarchical Genetic Stratigraphy and Marine Paleoecology
- Harold B. Rollins, Ronald R. West, Richard M. Busch
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- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 5 / 1990
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- 26 July 2017, pp. 273-308
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- 1990
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Stratigraphy provides a basic temporal and spatial framework for all studies of earth history. The foundations of stratigraphy were built in the 17th and 18th centuries through the efforts of Steno and Smith. Formalization of the principles of organic evolution followed closely in the mid-19th century with the publication of the Origin of Species. Although paleoecological observations span centuries, the establishment of paleoecology as a scientific discipline is a 20th century phenomenon. Initially, paleontology (paleobiology) was an integral part of stratigraphy and housed the subdisciplinary studies of evolution and paleoecology. Retention of a stratigraphic framework soon became difficult, perhaps due to the potential for circular reasoning in the evolutionary study of fossils. If the rock record was subdivided on the basis of fossils, how could the evolutionary relationships of these organisms be evaluated when they, or related forms, had been used to construct the temporal framework?
Taphonomy and an Intertidal Palimpsest Surface: Implications for the Fossil Record
- Ronald R. West, Harold B. Rollins, Richard M. Busch
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- The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 5 / 1990
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- 26 July 2017, pp. 351-369
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- 1990
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Lateral fluctuations of shoreline positions along shallow basinal margins often result in spatially and temporally overprinted (palimpsested) firmground or hardground surfaces (Frey and Basan, 1981). Recent palimpsested surfaces can teach us a great deal about the fossil record, particularly when we view them taphonomically. For the last few years we have been studying such surfaces along the seaward coast of St. Catherines Island, Georgia. In this paper we will first briefly discuss the modern salt marsh at St. Catherines Island, and its invertebrate inhabitants. This will form a basis for recognition and description of relict marsh surfaces. We will next describe the relict salt marsh surface that is currently being exhumed by coastal erosion and palimpsested by other invertebrate communities. Such palimpsested events also represent heterochronous community replacement–the disjunct temporal and (usually) spatial overprinting of an older community (or biogenic surface) by one (or more) younger communities. This interprets “replacement” as a passive, generally species non-interactive, phenomenon (contra Miller, 1986). Lastly, we will make some rather broad comparisons between the St. Catherines Island setting and what we interpret as analogous situations recorded in the Carboniferous strata of the Appalachian Basin.
Chaetetids
- Ronald R. West, George R. Clark II
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- Studies in Geology, Notes for a Short Course / Volume 7 / 1983
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- 19 July 2017, pp. 130-140
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- 1983
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Chaetetids have recently emerged from relative obscurity on two fronts. On one, they have achieved a certain notoriety in their reclassification from tabulate corals to a recently erected class of sponges; on the other, they are becoming appreciated as locally significant faunal elements and bioherm framebuilders.